Role of itaconate in intestinal disease (Review).
Li Xin, Liu Qian, Li Jiajia, Zhang Li, Yao Shun, Tang Lulu, Yang Bingqi, Wang Yongfeng, Wen Guorong, An Jiaxing, Jin Hai, Tuo Biguang
Abstract
Itaconate (ITA) is a metabolite produced by immune cells such as macrophages during inflammation or infection. ITA exhibits potent immunomodulatory functions, antioxidant effects and antibacterial properties. The present study aimed to provide a systematic review of the synthesis and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of ITA and its key roles in intestinal diseases. ITA affects inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), intestinal infection and other gut disorders via the regulation of signalling pathways, including the nucleotide‑binding oligomerization domain‑like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, NF‑κB and Nrf2 pathways. ITA also modulates the composition of the gut microbiota and enhances intestinal barrier function. The present study also aimed to summarize the therapeutic potential of ITA derivatives, providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel treatment strategies for intestinal disease.
Key Findings
- Itaconate (ITA) is produced by immune cells during inflammation or infection and has immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.
- ITA regulates key signalling pathways including NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB, and Nrf2 pathways involved in intestinal diseases.
- ITA modulates gut microbiota composition and enhances intestinal barrier function, impacting diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and intestinal infections.
Clinical Significance
The study highlights the therapeutic potential of itaconate and its derivatives in managing intestinal diseases by targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, offering novel strategies for treatment development.
Citation
Li Xin, Liu Qian, Li Jiajiaet al.. Role of itaconate in intestinal disease (Review). International journal of molecular medicine. 2026-Jun.